Which Versus This Was a Literary Art and Music Culture Movement

Human expression, usually influenced past civilization

This article is about the grouping of creative disciplines. For the concept of art, see Art. For other uses, run into Art (disambiguation).

"Arts" redirects here. For the acronym, run into ARTS.

The arts are a very wide range of man practices of creative expression, storytelling and cultural participation. They comprehend multiple various and plural modes of thinking, doing and being, in an extremely wide range of media. Both highly dynamic and a characteristically constant feature of man life, they take adult into innovative, stylized and sometimes intricate forms. This is often achieved through sustained and deliberate study, training and/or theorizing within a particular tradition, across generations and even betwixt civilizations. The arts are a vehicle through which human beings cultivate distinct social, cultural and individual identities, while transmitting values, impressions, judgments, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life and experiences across time and infinite.

Prominent examples of the arts include architecture, visual arts (including ceramics, drawing, filmmaking, painting, photography, and sculpting), literary arts (including fiction, drama, poetry, and prose), performing arts (including trip the light fantastic toe, music, and theatre), textiles and mode, folk fine art and handicraft, oral storytelling, conceptual and installation art, criticism, and culinary arts (including cooking, chocolate making and winemaking). They can employ skill and imagination to produce objects, performances, convey insights and experiences, and construct new environments and spaces.

The arts tin refer to common, popular or everyday practices equally well as more sophisticated and systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can exist discrete and self-contained, or combine and interweave with other fine art forms, such every bit the combination of artwork with the written word in comics. They tin can besides develop or contribute to some particular aspect of a more complex fine art form, as in cinematography.

By definition, the arts themselves are open to being continually re-defined. The practice of modernistic art, for example, is a testament to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and self-criticism or questioning that art and its conditions of production, reception, and possibility can undergo.

As both a means of developing capacities of attention and sensitivity, and equally ends in themselves, the arts can simultaneously exist a form of response to the world, and a way that our responses, and what nosotros deem worthwhile goals or pursuits, are transformed. From prehistoric cave paintings, to aboriginal and gimmicky forms of ritual, to modern-day films, fine art has served to annals, embody and preserve our ever shifting relationships to each other and to the globe.

Definition

There are several possible meanings for the definitions of the terms Art and Arts.^[a] The first significant of the discussion fine art is « mode of doing ».^[1] The most basic nowadays meaning defines the arts as specific activities that produce sensitivity in humans.^[2] The arts are too referred to as bringing together all artistic and imaginative activities, without including science.^{[b] [iii] [four]} In its most bones abstract definition, art is a documented expression of a sentient being through or on an accessible medium and then that anyone tin view, hear or experience it. The human action itself of producing an expression can also be referred to as a certain art, or as art in general. Whether this solidified expression, or the act of producing it, is "skilful" or has value depends on those who access and rate it. Such public rating is dependent on various subjective factors. Merriam-Webster defines "the arts" as "painting, sculpture, music, theatre, literature, etc., considered as a group of activities washed by people with skill and imagination."^[5] Similarly, the Us Congress, in the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Human activity, defined "the arts" as follows:

The term "the arts" includes, just is not limited to, music (instrumental and vocal), dance, drama, folk art, artistic writing, compages and centrolineal fields, painting, sculpture, photography, graphic and arts and crafts arts, industrial design, costume and fashion design, motility pictures, television, radio, film, video, record and sound recording, the arts related to the presentation, performance, execution, and exhibition of such major art forms, all those traditional arts good by the diverse peoples of this land. (sic) and the study and application of the arts to the human surroundings.^[six]

Art is a global activeness in which a large number of disciplines are included, such as: fine arts, liberal arts, visual arts, decorative arts, applied arts, pattern, crafts, performing arts,^[3] ... We are talking near "the arts" when several of them are mentioned: "As in all arts the enjoyment increases with the noesis of the fine art".^[7]

The arts can exist divided into several areas, the fine arts which bring together, in the broad sense, all the arts whose aim is to produce true aesthetic pleasance,^[8] decorative arts and applied arts which relate to an aesthetic side in everyday life.^[ix]

History

The primeval surviving form of whatever of the arts are cave paintings, possibly from 70,000 BCE, just definitely from at least 40,000 BCE.^[10] The oldest known musical instrument, the purported Divje Infant Flute—made from a young cave bear femur—is dated to 43,000 and 82,000 BCE, only whether information technology is truly a musical instrument (or an object created by animals) remains extremely controversial.^[eleven] The earliest objects whose designations as musical instruments are widely accepted are 8 bone flutes from the Swabian Jura, Deutschland; three of these from the Geissenklösterle are dated as the oldest, c.  43,150–39,370 BP.^[12] The earliest surviving literature appears much afterward; the Instructions of Shuruppak and Kesh temple hymn amid other Sumerian cuneiform tablets, are thought to only be from 2600 BCE.^[13]

In Ancient Greece, all fine art and craft was referred to by the same word, techne. Thus, there was no distinction amidst the arts. Ancient Greek art brought the veneration of the fauna form and the evolution of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, dazzler, and anatomically correct proportions. Aboriginal Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with characteristic distinguishing features (due east.g. Zeus' thunderbolt). In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Middle Ages, the dominance of the church insisted on the expression of biblical truths. Eastern art has generally worked in a style akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local colour (meaning the plain colour of an object, such as basic red for a carmine robe, rather than the modulations of that colour brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this mode is that the local colour is often defined past an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is evident in, for instance, the fine art of India, Tibet and Japan. Religious Islamic art forbids iconography, and instead expresses religious ideas through calligraphy and geometrical designs.

Classifications

In the Center Ages, the Artes Liberales (liberal arts) were taught in universities every bit part of the Trivium, an introductory curriculum involving grammar, rhetoric, and logic,^[14] and of the Quadrivium, a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of arithmetics, geometry, music, and astronomy.^[fifteen] The Artes Mechanicae (consisting of vestiaria – tailoring and weaving; agricultura – agronomics; architectura – architecture and masonry; militia and venatoria – warfare, hunting, military teaching, and the martial arts; mercatura – trade; coquinaria – cooking; and metallaria – blacksmithing and metallurgy)^{[xvi] [ non specific enough to verify ]} were practised and adult in lodge environments. The modernistic distinction between "artistic" and "non-artistic" skills did not develop until the Renaissance. In mod academia, the arts are usually grouped with or as a subset of the humanities. Some subjects in the humanities are history, linguistics, literature, theology, philosophy, and logic.

The arts have also been classified as seven: painting, compages, sculpture, literature, music, performing and cinema. Some view literature, painting, sculpture, and music equally the main iv arts, of which the others are derivative; drama is literature with acting, dance is music expressed through movement, and vocal is music with literature and vocalization.^[17] Flick is sometimes called the "eighth" and comics the "ninth art".^[18]

Visual arts

Architecture

Compages is the fine art and science of designing buildings and structures. The word compages comes from the Greek arkhitekton, "master builder, managing director of works," from αρχι- (arkhi) "chief" + τεκτων (tekton) "builder, carpenter".^[19] A wider definition would include the design of the congenital environment, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban design, and mural architecture to the microlevel of creating article of furniture. Architectural design ordinarily must address both feasibility and price for the builder, besides as part and aesthetics for the user.

In modernistic usage, architecture is the art and field of study of creating, or inferring an unsaid or apparent plan of, a complex object or system. The term can exist used to connote the implied architecture of abstract things such equally music or mathematics, the credible architecture of natural things, such equally geological formations or the structure of biological cells, or explicitly planned architectures of human-made things such as software, computers, enterprises, and databases, in add-on to buildings. In every usage, an compages may be seen equally a subjective mapping from a homo perspective (that of the user in the case of abstruse or concrete artifacts) to the elements or components of some kind of structure or organization, which preserves the relationships among the elements or components. Planned compages manipulates space, book, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements in order to attain pleasing aesthetics. This distinguishes information technology from engineering science or engineering, which usually concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the blueprint of constructions or structures.

In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such as for a infirmary or a stadium, to the apparently simpler, such equally planning residential houses. Many architectural works may be seen likewise as cultural and political symbols, or works of fine art. The role of the architect, though irresolute, has been fundamental to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly congenital environments in which people live.

Ceramics

Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including clay), which may take forms such as pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine fine art, some are considered to exist decorative, industrial, or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archeology. Ceramic art tin be fabricated by ane person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, industry, and decorate the pottery. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as "fine art pottery." In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. In modern ceramic engineering usage, "ceramics" is the art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metal materials by the activeness of estrus. Information technology excludes glass and mosaic fabricated from glass tesserae.

Conceptual art

Conceptual fine art is art wherein the concept(south) or idea(s) involved in the piece of work have precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused exercise of thought-based fine art that often defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text.^[twenty] Through its association with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s,^[21] its pop usage, specially in the Great britain, adult as a synonym for all gimmicky art that does not practise the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.

Drawing

Drawing is a ways of making an image, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. It generally involves making marks on a surface past applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colour pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which can simulate the effects of these are likewise used. The main techniques used in drawing are line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An creative person who excels in drawing is referred to as a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman.^[22] Drawing can be used to create art used in cultural industries such every bit illustrations, comics and animation. Comics are ofttimes called the "ninth fine art" (le neuvième fine art) in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "7 Arts".^[23]

Painting

Painting is a mode of creative expression, and can be washed in numerous forms. Drawing, gesture (as in gestural painting), limerick, narration (as in narrative art), or abstraction (as in abstract art), among other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner.^[24] Paintings can be naturalistic and representational (equally in a nonetheless life or mural painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (every bit in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (as in Artivism).

Modernistic painters accept extended the practice considerably to include, for example, collage. Collage is non painting in the strict sense since it includes other materials. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such every bit sand, cement, straw, wood or strands of pilus for their artwork texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer.

Photography

Photography as an art form refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the artistic vision of the photographer. Fine art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides a visual account for news events, and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to advertise products or services.

Sculpture

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in 3 dimensions. Information technology is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the add-on of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials; just since modernism, shifts in sculptural procedure led to an almost complete freedom of materials and procedure. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded, or bandage.

Literary arts

Literature is literally "associate with letters" as in the beginning sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary. The noun "literature" comes from the Latin word littera meaning "an individual written grapheme (letter)." The term has by and large come to identify a collection of writings, which in Western culture are mainly prose (both fiction and non-fiction), drama and poetry. In much, if not all of the world, the creative linguistic expression can be oral equally well, and include such genres as ballsy, fable, myth, ballad, other forms of oral poetry, and every bit folktale. Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are frequently chosen the "9th art" (le neuvième fine art) in Francophone scholarship.^[23]

Performing arts

Performing arts comprise trip the light fantastic toe, music, theatre, opera, mime, and other art forms in which a human performance is the principal product. Performing arts are distinguished by this operation chemical element in contrast with disciplines such equally visual and literary arts where the product is an object that does not require a performance to be observed and experienced. Each field of study in the performing arts is temporal in nature, meaning the production is performed over a flow of time. Products are broadly categorized every bit beingness either repeatable (for example, past script or score) or improvised for each performance.^[25] Artists who participate in these arts in front end of an audience are called performers, including actors, magicians, comedians, dancers, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are also supported past the services of other artists or essential workers, such as songwriting and stagecraft. Performers oft adapt their appearance with tools such as costume and stage makeup.

Dance

Dance (from Old French dancier, of unknown origin) more often than not refers to homo movement either used as a class of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or operation setting.^[26] Dance is as well used to draw methods of non-verbal communication (encounter trunk language) between humans or animals (e.g. bee dance, mating dance), motion in inanimate objects (e.grand. the leaves danced in the wind), and certain musical forms or genres. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, artful, artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such as Folk trip the light fantastic toe) to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines while Martial arts "kata" are oft compared to dances.

Music

Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence, occurring in time. Common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, metre, and joint), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The creation, performance, significance, and fifty-fifty the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their reproduction in performance) through improvisational music to aleatoric pieces. Music can be divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are ofttimes subtle, sometimes open to individual interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

Theatre

Theatre or theater (from Greek theatron (θέατρον); from theasthai, "behold"^[27]) is the co-operative of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, trip the light fantastic, sound and spectacle – indeed, whatsoever one or more elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue manner, theatre takes such forms every bit opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian dance, Chinese opera and mummers' plays.

Multidisciplinary artistic works

Areas exist in which artistic works comprise multiple artistic fields, such as moving picture, opera and performance fine art. While opera is ofttimes categorized in the performing arts of music, the give-and-take itself is Italian for "works", because opera combines several artistic disciplines in a singular artistic feel. In a typical traditional opera, the entire work utilizes the post-obit: the sets (visual arts), costumes (fashion), interim (dramatic performing arts), the libretto, or the words/story (literature), and singers and an orchestra (music).

The composer Richard Wagner recognized the fusion of then many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified by his bike Der Band des Nibelungen ("The Ring of the Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, merely instead Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to every bit "Music Drama" in English language, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components which were equally important as the music. Classical ballet is another grade which emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with trip the light fantastic.

Other works in the late 19th, 20th and 21st centuries accept fused other disciplines in unique and creative ways, such as performance art. Operation art is a performance over fourth dimension which combines any number of instruments, objects, and fine art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which can be improvised. Performance art may be scripted, unscripted, random or advisedly organized; even audience participation may occur. John Cage is regarded by many as a operation artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not etch for traditional ensembles. Cage's composition Living Room Music composed in 1940 is a "quartet" for unspecified instruments, really non-melodic objects, which can exist found in a living room of a typical business firm, hence the championship.

Other arts

There is no articulate line between fine art and culture. Cultural fields like gastronomy are sometimes considered as arts.^[28]

Applied arts

The applied arts are the application of blueprint and decoration to everyday, functional, objects to make them aesthetically pleasing.^[29] The applied arts includes fields such every bit industrial design, illustration, and commercial art.^[30] The term "applied art" is used in stardom to the fine arts, where the latter is divers equally arts that aims to produce objects which are beautiful or provide intellectual stimulation but have no principal everyday function. In practice, the two frequently overlap.

Video games

A contend exists in the fine arts and video game cultures over whether video games can be counted as an art form.^[31] Game designer Hideo Kojima professes that video games are a type of service, not an fine art form, because they are meant to entertain and attempt to entertain equally many people equally possible, rather than being a unmarried artistic voice (despite Kojima himself being considered a gaming auteur, and the mixed opinions his games typically receive). However, he acknowledged that since video games are made up of artistic elements (for example, the visuals), game designers could be considered museum curators – not creating artistic pieces, but arranging them in a fashion that displays their artistry and sells tickets.

Inside social sciences, cultural economists show how video games playing is conducive to the involvement in more traditional art forms and cultural practices, which suggests the complementarity betwixt video games and the arts.^[32]

In May 2011, the National Endowment of the Arts included video games in its redefinition of what is considered a "work of art" when applying for a grant.^[33] In 2012, the Smithsonian American Fine art Museum presented an exhibit, The Art of the Video Game.^[34] Reviews of the exhibit were mixed, including questioning whether video games belong in an art museum.

Arts criticism

• Architecture criticism
• Art criticism
• Dance criticism
• Film criticism
• Music criticism
• Television criticism
• Theatre criticism
• Literary criticism

See also

• Arts in education
• The arts and politics

Notes

1. ^ The term Art comes from the Latin ars, artis.
2. ^ Historically, science has long been opposed to art, considering art was characterised equally a discipline that could not be learned (unlike science).

References

1. ^ Valéry 1935, p. 683.
2. ^ "Définition de 50'fine art" [Definition of fine art] (in French). Éditions Larousse. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
3. ^ ^{a b} "Fine art Definition: Meaning, Nomenclature of Visual Arts". visual-arts-cork.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
4. ^ "The arts definition and meaning". Collins English language Dictionary. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
5. ^ "Definition of The Arts by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on ane June 2017. Retrieved xiv May 2017.
6. ^ Van Army camp 2006.
7. ^ Hemingway 2003, p. xi.
8. ^ "Définition de Beaux-Arts" [Definition of Fine Arts] (in French). Bayard Presse. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The fine arts include painting, sculpture, certain graphic arts and architecture. Music and poetry are sometimes called art.
9. ^ "Définition de arts appliqués" [Definition of applied arts] (in French). 50'Internaute. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The applied arts bring together under one imprint all the activities that bring an aesthetic side to everyday life. These arts are skilful past designers, who are in accuse of embellishing what surrounds the individual.
10. ^ St. Fleur 2018, p. 10.
11. ^ Morley 2013, pp. 38–39.
12. ^ Morley 2013, pp. 42–43.
13. ^ Diedrich 2015, p. 1.
14. ^ Onions, Friedrichsen & Burchfield 1991, p. 994.
15. ^ "Quadrivium". The New International Encyclopædia. 1905 – via Wikisource. The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy.
16. ^ In his commentary on Martianus Capella'southward early fifth century work, The Marriage of Philology and Mercury, 1 of the main sources for medieval reflection on the liberal arts
17. ^ Rowlands & Landauer 2001.
18. ^ Ryynänen, Max (2020). On the Philosophy of Cardinal European Art: The History of an Institution and Its Global Competitors. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 37. ISBN978-1-7936-3418-4.
19. ^ Harper 2016.
20. ^ LeWitt 1967, pp. 79–83.
21. ^ Huntsman 2015, p. 221.
22. ^ "The definition of draftsman". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 Oct 2016.
23. ^ ^{a b} Miller 2007, p. 23.
24. ^ Perry 2014, p. 85.
25. ^ Honderich 2006.
26. ^ Fraleigh 1987, p. iii.
27. ^ Harper, Douglas (2001–2016). "theater (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on thirty October 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
28. ^ Desai, DeSimone & Henig 2013.
29. ^ Chilvers 2004, p. 29.
30. ^ "Define Practical art at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
31. ^ Parker 2012, p. 42.
32. ^ Borowiecki & Prieto-Rodriguez 2013, pp. 239–258.
33. ^ Barber 2012.
34. ^ Parker 2012, p. 46.

Sources

• Chilvers, Ian (2004). The Oxford Lexicon of Art (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-860476-1.
• Fraleigh, Sondra Horton (1987). Dance and the Lived Body: A Descriptive Aesthetics. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Academy of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN978-0-8229-7170-2.
• Hemingway, Ernest (2003) [1932]. "1". Decease in the Afternoon (1st Scribner trade pbk. ed.). New York: Charles Scribner'due south Sons. ISBN978-0-684-85922-iv.
• Honderich, Ted (2006). The Oxford companion to philosophy. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199264797.001.0001. ISBN978-0-nineteen-926479-7.
• Huntsman, Penny (28 September 2015). Thinking About Art: A Thematic Guide to Fine art History. Chichester, Westward Sussex, UK: Wiley. ISBN978-i-118-90517-iii.
• Miller, Ann (2007). Reading bande dessinée : critical approaches to French-language comic strip. ISBN978-i-84150-177-2.
• Morley, Iain (2013). The Prehistory of Music: Human Evolution, Archæology, and the Origins of Musicality. Oxford: Oxford Academy Press. ISBN978-0-19-923408-0.
• Onions, Charles Talbut; Friedrichsen, George Washington Salisbury; Burchfield, Robert William (1991). The Oxford dictionary of English etymology. Oxford: at The Clarendon Press. ISBN978-0-19-861112-7.
• LeWitt, Solomon (June 1967). "Paragraphs on Conceptual Fine art". Artforum. Vol. 5, no. 10. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
• Borowiecki, Karol J.; Prieto-Rodriguez, Juan (2013). "Video Games Playing: A substitute for cultural consumptions?". Journal of Cultural Economics. 39 (three): 239–258. CiteSeerX10.1.1.676.2381. doi:x.1007/s10824-014-9229-y. S2CID 49572910.
• Diedrich, Cajus Thousand. (1 April 2015). "'Neanderthal bone flutes': simply products of Ice Age spotted hyena scavenging activities on cave carry cubs in European cave bear dens". Open up Science. two (4): 140022. Bibcode:2015RSOS....240022D. doi:10.1098/rsos.140022. PMC4448875. PMID 26064624.
• Parker, Felan (12 December 2012). "An Art Globe for Artgames". Loading... 7 (11). ISSN 1923-2691. Archived from the original on 26 Dec 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
• Perry, Lincoln (Summer 2014). "The Music of Painting". The American Scholar. 83 (three).
• Barber, Bonnie (16 August 2012). "Professor Mary Flanagan Participates in White Business firm Consortium". Darthmouth News. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved xiii May 2020.
• St. Fleur, Nicholas (12 September 2018). "Oldest Known Drawing by Man Easily Discovered in South African Cave". The New York Times. Archived from the original on xiv April 2020. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
• Desai, Trex; DeSimone, Frank; Henig, Sarit (20 Dec 2013). "The New Face of French Gastronomy - Knowledge@Wharton". cognition.wharton.upenn.edu. Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
• "The Art of Video Games". SI.edu. Smithsonian American Fine art Museum. Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
• "Conceptual art". Tate Glossary. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
• "FY 2012 Arts in Media Guidelines". Endow.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
• Harper, Douglas (2016). "Origin and pregnant of architect by Online Etymology Dictionary". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2016.
• Rowlands, Joseph; Landauer, Jeff (2001). "Esthetics". Importance of Philosophy. Archived from the original on sixteen Apr 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
• Van Army camp, Julie (22 November 2006). "Congressional definition of "the arts"". PHIL 361I: Philosophy of Art. California State University, Long Embankment. Archived from the original on 29 July 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
• Valéry, Paul (1 November 1935). "Notion générale de 50'art" [General concept of art] (PDF). Nouvelle Revue Française (in French). Vol. 24, no. 266. Paris: Éditions Gallimard. pp. 683–693. ISBN978-ii-07-239508-6. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved eight June 2020.

Further reading

• Barron, Christina (29 April 2012). "Museum exhibit asks: Is it art if you push 'start'?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
• Feynman, Richard (1985). QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter . Princeton University Printing. ISBN978-0-691-02417-ii.
• Gibson, Ellie (24 January 2006). "Games aren't art, says Kojima". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Archived from the original on ix March 2015. Retrieved seven March 2015.
• Kennicott, Philip (18 March 2012). "The Fine art of Video Games". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on iv June 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.

External links

• Media related to The arts at Wikimedia Eatables
• Topic Dictionaries at Oxford Learner'south Dictionaries
• Definition of Fine art by Lexico

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts

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